J. C. Ghildiyal , M. M. Srivastava

Abstract

Manu Swamp, a sub-tropical fresh-water swamp lies in Compartment 4 of Barkot Forest Range, Eastern Doon Forest Division in the foothills on Rishikesh-Hardwar road (30° 07'N latitude 78°19' E longitude). The ischolar_main system of characteristic plant species was observed selecting the representative of each plant community of Manu Swamp. All the representatives of different communities in Manu Swamp showed the phenomenon of heterorrhizae. The heterorrhizae represented was of typical type except in Adhatoda zeylanica where a typical heterrorrhizae was there, due to its basic terrestrial habit. In most of these plants brachyrrhizae were poorly developed, due to availability of water in plenty. Macrorrhizae were prominent in all species. The shallow ischolar_main system, the presence of stilts ischolar_mains in Trewia nudiflora, peg ischolar_main like structures in Bischofia javanica, the surface ischolar_mains running horizontally in Trewia nudiflora and Bischofia javanica and the presence of ischolar_main buttresses in all trees show the adaptability of these plants to water-logged conditions of fresh-water swamp.The interwoven nature of ischolar_main system and presence of underground rhizome in most of herbs and shrubs present in swamp proper, played important role in binding of soil particles in water-logged soil.

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J. C. Ghildiyal , M. M. Srivastava

Abstract

Manu Swamp of Rishikesh supports vegetation entirely different than the surroundings due to its uneven topography and different microclimatic conditions, Based on the topography and vegetation, it is divisible into swamp proper and swamp forest. 1 he swamp proper is composed of hydropbytic, amphibious, sedge, bush and fern, cane-break and tree communities, The swamp forest is composed of trees, shrubs and herbs. Epiphytic orchids are also common in this tropical fresh-water swamp forest. Its vegetation represents five strata. It differs with other swamps of Doon valley in species composition and dominance.

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